NLP or Neuro-Linguistic Programming is a model which allows us to alter our previously unsuccessful strategies and behaviours. Compromised semantically of three words, namely Neuro (meaning how nerve cells communicate and literally how the body receives and gives information), Linguistic (meaning to do with language and its study) and Programming (the way instructions are given; in this context to ourselves, that create or limit achievement). 
NLP is a model that lets us examine how we view the world through distorted beliefs and learning, and by reprogramming we can learn new ways and new behaviours.
If we look at the productive state we are in when we accomplish our desired goals, we can therefore alter our state to make it more resourceful.
NLP is useful for rapid change and is used in a whole host of ways, especially in business, for helping people to attain goals.
I use NLP at Mind's Eye Therapy in Birmingham either exclusively for business coaching or in private sessions in conjunction with hypnotherapy, counselling and psychotherapy skills and find it invaluable for rapid state change. I am about to complete my NLP Master qualification.